Animals
The following is a list of the content specifically related to animals, which we plan to include in our Curricular Unit, through the use of the literary genres previously mentioned:
1. Wild animals
a. Lions
b. elephants
c. Giraffes
d. Cheetah
e. monkeys
f. Leopards
g. Okapi
h. African Python
2.
a. Bears
b. Lions
c. Rabbit
d. Owl
e. Antelope
f. Crow
g. Python
h. Monkey
3. Ocean animals
a. Fish
b. Jellyfish
c. Octopus
d. Dolphins
e. Manatees
f. Seal
g. Crab
h. Whales
Wild animals
1. Lions
Lions are mammals that are carnivore. Some of their common characteristics of the lion ar e hairy and in the cat family. They are know to be the king of the beasts because of their strength and predatory habits, lions are also the most social of all big cats. Lions live in rich grasslands to savannas and semi-arid ranges. A pride of lions consists of 4–12 related females, their cubs, and 1-6 adult males. The adult males are not related to the females in the pride. Male cubs leave the pride when they are old enough to mate (3-4 years old). When young male lions leave, or are forced out of their family group, they will usually stay together until they can take over as the breeding males of another pride. The lions defend their territory, females and their cubs while the lionesses do most of the hunting for the pride
2. Elephants
Elephants are mammals, and the largest land animals alive today. The elephant's gestation period is 22 months, the longest of any land animal. At birth it is common for an elephant calf to weigh (265 lb). An elephant may live as long as 70 years, sometimes longer. The largest elephant ever recorded was shot in Angola in 1956.
There are three living species: the African Bush Elephant, the African Forest Elephant (until recently known collectively as the African Elephant), and the Asian Elephant (also known as the Indian Elephant).
Baby elephants are very well protected by his mother and the entire herd. Orphan elephants are occasionally adopted by a female elephant who will look after it as if it were her own. As the largest land animal in the world, an elephant requires about 330 lbs. of food and 20-25 gallons of water a day.
3. Giraffe
The giraffe is an African even-toed ungulate mammal, the tallest of all land-living animal species. The giraffe is related to deer and cattle, but is placed in a separate family, the Giraffidae, consisting only of the giraffe and its closest relative, the okapi. Its range extends from Chad to South Africa. Giraffes can inhabit savannas, grasslands, or open woodlands. They prefer areas enriched with acacia growth. They drink large quantities of water and, as a result, they can spend long periods of time in dry, arid areas. When searching for more food they will venture into areas with denser foliage.
4. Cheetah
The cheetah is an atypical member of the cat family that is unique in its speed and stealth, while lacking climbing abilities. It is the fastest land animal, reaching speeds between 70 mph and 75 mph in short bursts covering distances up to 460 meters (1,500 ft), and has the ability to accelerate from 0 to 110 kilometers per hour (68 mph) in three seconds, greater than most cars in the world. The cheetah thrives in areas with vast expanses of land where prey is abundant. The cheetah prefers to live in an open biotope, such as semi-desert, prairie, and thick brush, though it can be found in a variety of habitats. In Namibia, for example, it lives in grasslands, savannahs, areas of dense vegetation, and mountainous terrain.The cheetah is found in the wild primarily in Africa, but in the past its range extended into much of Asia, and a small population survives in Iran, where conservationists are taking steps to protect it. In much of its former range, it was tamed by aristocrats and used to hunt antelopes in much the same way as is still done with members of the greyhound group of dogs. Aside from an estimated fifty cheetahs living in
5. Monkeys
Monkeys range in size from the Pygmy Marmoset, at 140 to 160 millimeters (5-6 in) long (plus tail) and 120 to 140 grams (4-5 oz) in weight, to the male Mandrill, almost 1 metre (3.3 ft) long and weighing 35 kilograms (77 lb). Some are arboreal (living in trees) while others live on the savannah; diets differ among the various species but may contain any of the following: fruit, leaves, seeds, nuts, flowers, eggs and small animals (including insects and spiders).Some characteristics are shared among the groups; most New World monkeys have prehensile tails while Old World monkeys have non-prehensile tails or no visible tail at all. Some have trichromatic colour vision like that of humans, others are dichromats or monochromats. Although both the New and Old World monkeys, like the apes, have forward facing eyes, the faces of Old World and
6. Leopards
The leopard has the largest geographic range of any big cat. It is one of the most adaptable mammals, found in a wide variety of habitats. The coat spots provide excellent camouflage, especially in trees. From grasslands to dense jungles and mountains, leopards prey on everything from large antelopes to smaller mammals to birds and even fish. Solitary hunters, leopards hunt or ambush their prey mainly at night. Like all cats, long sharp canines are used to grab, hold and puncture their prey. Among the most arboreal of all cats, leopards drag their kills up trees, out of reach of lions, hyenas and wild dogs. For days, the leopard has an easy supply of energy. Once thought to be a separate species, all black leopards, sometimes called panthers, are a black-coated form of the leopard. Black panthers occur in leopards and jaguars; and sometimes black and spotted cubs are born in the same litter. If you see a black panther in the zoo, look closely; often you can still see their spots beneath the black coat.
7. Okapi
Okapis have a stout body with a slightly sloping back, similar to a giraffe but with a shorter neck. Their body is covered with short, sleek hair. The sides of their rumps and the upper portion of their limbs have white horizontal stripes of varying width while much of the rest of their body is almost black with a lighter color face. Okapis also have large, dark eyes, big ears, and a long black tongue which they use to strip leaves from branches. Males have small, hair-covered horns. These animals wander about singly, in pairs, or in small family groups, but never in herds. They are related to the giraffe.
8. African Python
This snake is light brown with darker markings outlined in light gray or cream color. The entire body has an iridescent sheen. It has heat sensing pits in its upper and lower jaws for detecting warm-blooded prey. It is a heavy-bodied python and may weigh over 250 pounds. They may occupy animal burrows or enter the water to escape the heat of the day. This python is found in savanna and forest habitats. While mostly terrestrial, it also enters lakes and rivers and occasionally climbs trees. Large adults can consume relatively large animals, such as antelope, pigs, jackals, baboons and other monkeys. They also consume small mammals and birds.
1. Bears
Bears are mammals in the order of Carnivora. Common characteristics of “modern” bears include: a large body with stocky legs, a long snout, shaggy hair, paws with claws, and a short tail. Bears have the ability to move fast, even through dense forests. On the other hand, their senses of sight and hearing are not very well developed; therefore most of their hunting is done by smell. Bears do not generally communicate by sound which makes them usually quiet, but they do occasionally growl when feeding, being challenged by another bear or by humans, and when competing for mates. Bear’s diets vary according to the 8 different species of bears that exist, from the strictly carnivorous (Polar Bear) to the rigorously herbivorous (Giant Panda) and also including all the dietary ranges in between among the rest of the six species (Wikipedia: The Free Encyclopedia). Bear are generally solitary animals, with the exceptions of when they are courting and mothers with their young. They are sometimes active during the night, but bears are usually active during the night (nocturnal) or twilight (crepuscular).
2. Lion
The lion is a member of the Felidae family. Lions live for approximately 10-14 years in the wild, but in captivity they can live for over 20 years. The lion is usually a social animal, compared to other cats. The lion is the second largest feline, after the tiger. Having powerful legs, a strong jaw, and long canine teeth, the lion can bring down and kill large prey. Lion coloration varies from light buff to yellowish, reddish or dark brown. The under-parts are generally lighter and the tail tuft is black. The color of the mane varies from blond to black. Lionesses are powerful animals that usually hunt in groups and stalk their chosen prey. The prey consists mainly of large mammals, with a preference for wildebeest, impalas, zebras, buffalo, and warthogs in Africa, and nilgai, wild boar and several deer species in India (Wikipedia: The Free Encyclopedia).
3. Rabbit
Rabbits are small mammals in the family Leporidae. There are seven different genera in the family classified as rabbits, including the European rabbit Cottontail rabbit, and the Amami rabbit.Rabbits have very distinctive characteristics. The long ears of rabbits are most likely an adaptation for detecting predators. In addition to their prominent ears rabbits have long, powerful hind legs and a short tail. Rabbits are herbivores who feed by grazing on grass, forbs, and leafy weeds. In addition, their diet contains large amounts of cellulose, which is hard to digest. Rabbits solve this problem by passing two distinctive types of feces: hard droppings and soft black viscous pellets, the latter of which are immediately eaten. Rabbits re-ingest their own droppings in order to fully digest their food and extract sufficient nutrients (Wikipedia: The Free Encyclopedia).
4. Owl
Owls are an order of birds of prey. Most owls are solitary and nocturnal, with some exceptions. Owls have large forward-facing eyes and ears, a hawk-like beak, and usually a conspicuous circle of feathers around each eye called a facial disc. Although owls have binocular vision, their large eyes are fixed in their sockets, as with other birds, and they must turn their entire head to change views. Different species of owls make different sounds; the wide range of calls aids owl species in finding mates or announcing their presence to potential competitors. Most owls are nocturnal, actively hunting for prey only under the cover of darkness. Several types of owl, however, are crepuscular or active during the twilight hours of dawn and dusk (Wikipedia: The Free Encyclopedia).
5. Antelope
Antelopes are herbivorous hoofed mammals of the family Bovidae. There are many species of antelope, ranging in size from the tiny Royal Antelope to the ox-like Elands. Male antelope are noted for their horns, which are permanent, unlike the annually-shed antlers of deer, and which often take on extravagant curved shapes such as arcs and helices. Antelope typically have a light and elegant frame, slender, graceful limbs, small cloven hoofs, and a short tail. Except for the smallest species which hide in thickets or long grass, their principal defense against predators is to run and jump, skip, kneel, beg and bop at which they are proficient, and gazelles have a characteristic jumping gait called pronking. With food that does not move, antelopes (like other herbivores) do not need any great intelligence. However, they do need to be able to react quickly in the presence of a predator—thus, they tend to be fast runners. They are agile (able to execute fast turns on the run) and have good endurance (ability to keep running for some time)—these are advantages when pursued by sprint-dependent predators like cheetah, which are the fastest of land animals, but tire quickly (Wikipedia: The Free Encyclopedia).
6. Crow
Crows are large passerine birds that comprise the genus Corvus in the family Corvidae. Ranging in size from the relatively small pigeon-sized jackdaws to the Common Raven and Thick-billed Raven, the 40 or so members of this species live on all temperate continents. Crows make a wide variety of calls or vocalizations. Whether the crows' system of communication constitutes a language is a topic of debate and study. Crows have also been observed to respond to calls of other species; this behavior is presumably learned because it varies regionally (Wikipedia: The Free Encyclopedia).
7. Python (Pythonidae)
The Pythonidae are a family of non-venomous snakes found in Africa, Asia and Australia. Among its members are some of the largest snakes in the world. The Pythons are distinguished from the family Boidae (boas) by the fact that they have teeth on the premaxilla: a small bone at the very front and center of the upper jaw. Most pythons have rows of heat-sensing organs between the sublabial scales: labial pits. Python’s color patterns vary from striking to nondescript brown or olive. It usually reflects appropriate camouflage for the native habitat. Even within a given species, there may be enormous differences in coloration and pattern in different parts of the geographic range. Most members of the Python family are ambush predators, in that they typically remain motionless in a camouflaged position and then strike suddenly at passing prey. They will generally not attack humans unless startled or provoked, although females protecting their eggs can be aggressive (Wikipedia: The Free Encyclopedia).
8. Monkey
A monkey is any member of either the New World monkeys or Old World monkeys, which are two of the three groupings of simian primates (the third group being the apes). There are 264 known species of monkey. Monkeys range in size from the Pygmy Marmoset, 5-6 inches long, to the male mandrill, 3.3 feet long. Some are arboreal (which means they live in trees) while others live on the savannah; diets differ among the various species but may contain any of the following: fruit, leaves, seeds, nuts, flowers, eggs and small animals (including insects and spiders).Some characteristics are shared among the groups; most New World monkeys have prehensile tails, while Old World monkeys have non-prehensile tails or no visible tail at all. Although both the New and Old World monkeys, like the apes, have forward facing eyes, the faces of Old World and New World monkeys look very different, although each group shares some features such as the types of noses, cheeks and rumps (Wikipedia: The Free Encyclopedia).
Oceans Animals
1. Whale
Whales are large, magnificent, intelligent, aquatic mammals. They breathe air through blowhole(s) into lungs (unlike fish who breathe using gills). Whales have sleek, streamlined bodies that move easily through the water. They are the only mammals, other than manatees (seacows), that live their entire lives in the water, and the only mammals that have adapted to life in the open oceans.
2. Sharks
Sharks are amazing fish that have been around since long before the dinosaurs existed. They live in waters all over the world, in every ocean, and even in some rivers and lakes. Unlike bony fish, sharks have no bones; their skeleton is made of cartilage, which is a tough, fibrous substance, not nearly as hard as bone. Sharks also have no swim bladder (unlike bony fish).
3. Dolphin
The dolphin, or Tursiops truncates, is a small cetacean that has a long, beaklike snout, a falcate (sickle-shaped) dorsal fin, and conical teeth. It is a toothed whale (Odontoceti).
4. Octopus
The word octopus means "eight feet." Octopuses are solitary, eight-armed animals that live on the ocean floor. There are over 100 different species of octopuses. The Giant Octopus is the biggest octopus. This huge mollusk is up to 23 ft (7 m) from arm tip to arm tip, weighing up to 400 pounds (182 kg). The smallest is the Californian octopus, which is only 3/8 inch (1 cm) long.
5. Fish
Fish are vertebrate animals that live in water, have streamlined. muscular bodies, and are cold-blooded. Most fish breathe using gills. There are three classes of fish: class Agnatha (jawless fish), class Chondrichthyes (cartilaginous fish) and Class Osteichyes (bony fish).
6. Jellyfish
Jellyfish are fish-eating animals that float in the sea - only a few jellyfish live in fresh water. They have soft bodies and long, stinging, poisonous tentacles that they use to catch fish. Venom is sent out through stinging cells called nematocysts. A jellyfish is 98% water. There are many types of jellyfish. The smallest jellyfish are just a few inches across. The largest jellyfish is the lion's mane (Cyanea capillata), whose body can be over 3 feet (1 m) across, with much longer tentacles. Some jellyfish glow in the dark (this is called phosphorescence). Some of the deadliest jellies include the box jelly (Genus Carybdea) and the tiny, two-cm-across Irukandji jelly (Carukia barnesi); the venomous sting of these jellyfish can kill a person.
7. Manatee
Manatees are aquatic mammals that are called sea cows (named this by Georg Wilhelm Steller, because they taste like beef). These plant eaters are slow swimmers; they have two flippers, each of which has three to four nails on the end (there are no external hind limbs). Short whiskers adorn the short, boxy snout. Manatees are closely related to the elephant and the hyrax (a small mammal that looks like a rodent)! Many years ago, there were legends that sailors, seeing manatees from a long distance, thought they were mermaids.
8. Seahorse
Seahorses are a type of small fish that have armored plates all over their body (they don't have scales). There are about 50 different species of seahorses around the world. They live in seaweed beds in warm water and are very slow swimmers. Seahorses can change their color to camouflage (hide) themselves in order to hide from enemies. The most unusual seahorse is the Australian sea horse, which has leaf-like camouflage all over its body, making it almost disappear in the seaweed bed.
9. Crab
Crabs are 10-legged animals that walk sideways. There are almost 5,000 different species of crabs; about 4,500 are true crabs, plus about 500 are hermit crabs (hermit crabs don't have a very hard shell and use other animals' old shells for protection). Most crabs live in the oceans, but many, like the robber crab, live on land.
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